Enable a co-catalyst flow operation for cascade 3

A combined Pickering-anchoring strategy will be developed to allow a co-flow operation of both catalysts in one fixed-bed reactor, i.e. once the C-C coupling product is formed, it is hydrolyzed immediately at its ester function. For this, a Pickering emulsion containing one catalyst in combination with an immobilization of the chemocatalyst to a solid support will be used. The enzyme hydrolase will be either placed within an emulsifier particle or be the stabilizing particle itself, while the Pd catalyst will be chemically anchored to a solid support, such as functionalized silica particles or monoliths using bis(oxazoline) as organic linkers that strongly bind palladium. Such hybrid operation is thought to be superior to a monolithic use of Pickering emulsions and anchored catalysts alone, allowing (i) higher through¬put (lower pressure drop), (ii) operational simplicity (KISS-based process design), (iii) better reaction outcome. Detailed surface analysis of the catalyst/Pickering emulsion particles and reactor walls will be done before and after reaction and ICP/MS measurements of Pd in the solvents and products will be carried out.