Guidance on hazard and toxicity tests developed for GFMs. Tiered approach to biological/safety characterisation of GFMs.

Development of tiered strategy for correlative GFM biological/safety characterisation will be elaborated. The tiered bio-testing approach will integrate biological methods at different levels of biological complexity (molecules done by UL, UoB, cells in vitro done by UL, NWU and WFSR), organoid model (WFSR), environmentally relevant test with unicellularorganism done by UL) and assays with different throughput levels, measured endpoints, labelling needs, potentials for correlating imaging/non-imaging techniques with physico-chemical characterization, and levels of practicality/simplicity to perform (on the spot or by using advanced imaging techniques).